Industry 4.0, often referred to as the fourth industrial revolution, is characterized by the integration of digital technologies into manufacturing and healthcare processes. In orthopedics, these advancements have brought about significant improvements across various areas:
4D bioprinting represents an advanced evolution of 3D bioprinting, integrating the fourth dimension—time. This technology involves creating bioprinted structures that can change shape or function over time in response to specific stimuli, such as temperature, pH, or moisture. The ability to produce dynamic, adaptable structures opens new possibilities in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Bio metamaterials are advanced materials engineered to mimic the complex properties of natural biological tissues. Designed at the micro- or nanoscale, these materials achieve superior performance in terms of biocompatibility, strength, and functionality, making them highly suitable for orthopedic applications such as bone implants, joint replacements, and tissue scaffolds.
